Cloves are used in food, medicine, and personal care, either whole, ground, as oleoresins (plant extracts used as a flavouring agent), or as essential oils. In cooking, they are a key ingredient in spice blends, enhance the flavour of baked goods, and serve as a natural preservative. Strong in aroma and hot and pungent in taste, cloves are used to flavour many foods, particularly meats and bakery products. Industrially, clove oil is found in toothpaste, mouthwash, antiseptics, perfumes, and soaps. Cloves are used in the cuisine of Asian, African, Mediterranean, and the Near and Middle East countries, lending flavour to meats (such as baked ham), curries, and marinades, as well as fruit (such as apples, pears, and rhubarb). Cloves may be used to give aromatic and flavour qualities to hot beverages, often combined with other ingredients such as lemon and sugar. Culinary uses for clove include as a flavouring addition to meats, stewed fruits, curries, pies, and salads. Dried cloves are a key ingredient in Indian masala chai tea and a part of many spice blends including Chinese five spice, Indian garam masala and pumpkin pie spice. Cloves are an ingredient in Vietnamese pho. In Western cuisine, cloves are used to stud baked hams, as a pickling spice, and in mulled wine. Whole cloves are used during cooking and are typically removed from the recipe before serving. Whole cloves can be ground at home using a coffee grinder or spice mill.